-
Clinical Hemorheology and... 2022The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test is commonly used in clinical practice for monitoring, screening and diagnosing pathological conditions and diseases related...
BACKGROUND
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test is commonly used in clinical practice for monitoring, screening and diagnosing pathological conditions and diseases related to the inflammatory response of the immune system. Several ESR techniques have been developed over the years improving the reliability, the precision and the duration of the measurement.
OBJECTIVE
In the present study a new low cost micro-ESR technique is described providing the major advantage of reducing the measurement time and the blood sample volume by multiple times compared to the commercial methods.
METHODS
Blood samples were obtained from healthy donors within the age group of 24-28 years and the haematocrit was adjusted to 30%, 40% and 50%. The ESR of the samples was measured utilizing a surface tension driven (STD) microfluidic chip and a monitoring device.
RESULTS
The evaluation of the method showed a high correlation (0.94, p < 10-5) at all haematocrit levels with the commercial instrument indicating the feasibility of the technique.
CONCLUSIONS
This micro-ESR technique provides the potential for a simple, low cost and fast tool for ESR measurement using low blood volume acquired by finger prick.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Young Adult; Blood Sedimentation; Erythrocytes; Hematocrit; Hematologic Diseases; Reproducibility of Results; Microvessels
PubMed: 36031888
DOI: 10.3233/CH-221476 -
European Journal of Medical Research May 2022This paper explores the effect of blood sample storage temperature and time on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by using the Weiss method.
OBJECTIVE
This paper explores the effect of blood sample storage temperature and time on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by using the Weiss method.
METHODS
Whole blood samples were collected from 80 patients and diluted 1:9 with sodium citrate solution. Each sample was split into two tubes. Using the Weiss method, ESR was tested within 1 h of collection, and one sample was placed at 4 °C and the other at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C). ESR was then measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The data were statistically analyzed with consideration for temperature and time.
RESULTS
ESR decreased gradually over 6 h at room temperature, but the results were not statistically significant. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the decline of ESR within 8 h at 4 °C. However, ESR results decreased significantly after the samples were stored at room temperature for more than 6 h or at 4 °C for more than 8 h. ESR reduction was lower in the samples stored at 4 °C than in those stored at room temperature over the same time period.
CONCLUSION
Blood sample storage temperature and duration can affect the measurement of ESR using the Weiss method. ESR testing should be completed within 4 h of sample collection in clinical work.
Topics: Blood Sedimentation; Body Temperature; Humans; Temperature; Time Factors
PubMed: 35643539
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00701-3 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1952
Topics: Anemia; Blood Sedimentation; Humans
PubMed: 14896152
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pathology May 1980
Review
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Sedimentation; Blood Viscosity; Capillaries; Erythrocyte Membrane; Hematocrit; Hematologic Diseases; Hemodilution; Humans; Plasmapheresis; Rheology; Temperature; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 6995492
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.33.5.417 -
PloS One 2020The acute phase response is a highly conserved reaction to infection, inflammation, trauma, stress, and neoplasia. Acute phase assays are useful for wildlife health...
The acute phase response is a highly conserved reaction to infection, inflammation, trauma, stress, and neoplasia. Acute phase assays are useful for wildlife health assessment, however, they are infrequently utilized in reptiles. This study evaluated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in eastern (Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) and hemoglobin-binding protein (HBP) in T. ornata. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 90 T. carolina and 105 T. ornata was negatively associated with packed cell volume and was greater in unhealthy turtles (p < 0.05). Female T. ornata had higher ESR values than males (p < 0.05). Measurement of ESR with a microhematocrit tube proportionally overestimated values from a commercial kit (Winpette), though both methods may retain utility with separate reference intervals. Hemoglobin-binding protein concentration in 184 T. ornata was significantly increased in adults and unhealthy turtles (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate values were similar between seasons and populations, and HBP values were consistent between years, indicating that these analytes may have more stable baseline values than traditional health metrics in reptiles. This study demonstrates that ESR and HBP are promising diagnostics for health assessment in wild box turtles. Incorporating these tests into wild herptile health assessment protocols may support conservation efforts and improve ecosystem health monitoring.
Topics: Animals; Blood Sedimentation; Hemoglobins; Humans; Turtles
PubMed: 32555669
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234805 -
British Medical Journal Jun 1971
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Blood Sedimentation; Cell Migration Inhibition; Dysmenorrhea; Erythema; Female; Humans; Joint Diseases; Lymphocyte Activation; Pain
PubMed: 5556085
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.5763.713-a -
Biochemia Medica Feb 2022Automated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analysers are based on different methodology than Westergren method. It is questionable whether ESR values obtained from...
INTRODUCTION
Automated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) analysers are based on different methodology than Westergren method. It is questionable whether ESR values obtained from those analysers are comparable with determined values with Westergren method. The aim was verification of the precision, method comparison and accuracy of automated ESR analysers: Roller 20PN (Alifax S.p.A., Polverara, Italy) and iSED (Alcor Scientific, Smithfield, USA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Blood samples (N = 752 for Roller 20PN and N = 213 for iSED) were sampled into KEDTA (Kima, Italy) tubes for automated and 3.8% Na-citrate tubes (Kima, Italy) for Westergren method. The data was divided into three groups according to the ESR values obtained with the Westergren method: Group Low (L) (ESR ≤ 20 mm), Group Medium (M) (ESR 21-60 mm), and Group High (H) (ESR ≥ 61 mm). Method agreement was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis and Passing-Bablok regression.
RESULTS
Analyser iSED has shown better comparability with Westergren method (bias 0.0 (95%Cl -1.4 to 1.5) range than Roller 20 PN (bias = - 6.4 (95%Cl - 7.1 to -5.7) in the whole measuring. For Roller 20 PN, Passing-Bablok regression has shown constant and proportional difference for Groups L and M, and for iSED only for Group H. Roller 20 PN had lower sensitivity (0.51 (95%Cl: 0.45-0.57) than iSED (0.72 (95%Cl: 0.59-0.80) while they had comparable specificity (> 0.90) and accuracy (≥ 0.80) in comparison with the Westergren method.
CONCLUSION
Both analysers are not comparable with the Westergren method and should not be used interchangeably.
Topics: Blood Sedimentation; Data Collection; Humans; Italy; Research Design; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 35210928
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2022.010708 -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie Jun 2023Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the second most frequent inflammatory rheumatic disease in old age. Remission and recurrence are frequently used as endpoints in clinical... (Review)
Review
Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is the second most frequent inflammatory rheumatic disease in old age. Remission and recurrence are frequently used as endpoints in clinical trials; however, there is as yet no international consensus on the definition of these states, which limits the comparability of published studies. The PMR activity score (PMR-AS) is the only composite score specifically developed for PMR, which together with remission is used to define low, middle and high disease activity. In recent studies the PMR-AS was often used and low disease activity was established as endpoint. The most important limitation of the PMR-AS is the potential influence of the individual variables by comorbidities. The value of C‑reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are of restricted value in studies using drugs that influence the interleukin 6 (IL-6) axis. In these cases, calprotectin and osteopontin are promising alternative biomarkers, as they have already been shown to reflect disease activity independently of CRP in rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, imaging modalities including sonography, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography could also be helpful in monitoring disease activity; however, these techniques must first be validated in further studies. The PMR impact scale (PMR-IS) is a composite score to assess the impact of PMR on the patients; however, it has not yet been used in clinical studies. The development of additional patient reported outcomes (PRO) for PMR and the definition of standardized criteria for documentation of remission and recurrence are important questions in the future research agenda for PMR.
Topics: Humans; Polymyalgia Rheumatica; Giant Cell Arteritis; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein
PubMed: 37184675
DOI: 10.1007/s00393-023-01358-x -
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences Jun 2021Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common autoinflammatory disease in children, is characterized by recurrent febrile episodes. FMF is known to progress with...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common autoinflammatory disease in children, is characterized by recurrent febrile episodes. FMF is known to progress with chronic inflammation, particularly during attack periods. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of S100A12, an inflammatory marker, with attacks and inflammatory events in FMF patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included 57 patients diagnosed with FMF, 43 in an attack-free period and 14 in an attack period, and 31 healthy children as the control group. Only white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and S100A12 level were analyzed in the control group. In addition, serum amyloid A (SAA), and fibrinogen levels were measured, and a mutation analysis was performed in the patient group. The results were compared among the attack-free period, acute attack FMF and control groups.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients and control group was 10 (2.5–18) and 9.5 (2.5–16) years, respectively. The CRP (p = 0.001), S100A12 (p = 0.003) and ESR (p= 0.001) values differed significantly between the FMF and control groups. S100A12 level (p = 0.027), WBC count (p = 0.003), CRP level (p = 0.0001), ESR (p = 0.004), and fibrinogen level (p = 0.001) differed significantly between the acute attack and attack-free period groups. SAA level (p = 0.05), ESR (p = 0.001), fibrinogen level (p = 0.001), WBC count (p = 0.001), and S100A12 level (p = 0.027) were higher in M694V homozygous FMF patients than in other FMF patients.
CONCLUSION
Patients with FMF had higher S100A12 levels than the control group, while the mean S100A12 concentration was higher in acute attack period patients than in attack-free period patients. S100A12 level might be an important indicator in the monitoring of chronic inflammation in patients with FMF.
Topics: Blood Sedimentation; C-Reactive Protein; Familial Mediterranean Fever; Fibrinogen; Humans; Inflammation; S100A12 Protein
PubMed: 33576586
DOI: 10.3906/sag-2009-187 -
Biomolecules May 2021Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease with deformed red blood cells (RBCs), so-called acanthocytes, as a typical marker of the...
The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Its Relation to Cell Shape and Rigidity of Red Blood Cells from Chorea-Acanthocytosis Patients in an Off-Label Treatment with Dasatinib.
BACKGROUND
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease with deformed red blood cells (RBCs), so-called acanthocytes, as a typical marker of the disease. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was recently proposed as a diagnostic biomarker. To date, there is no treatment option for affected patients, but promising therapy candidates, such as dasatinib, a Lyn-kinase inhibitor, have been identified.
METHODS
RBCs of two ChAc patients during and after dasatinib treatment were characterized by the ESR, clinical hematology parameters and the 3D shape classification in stasis based on an artificial neural network. Furthermore, mathematical modeling was performed to understand the contribution of cell morphology and cell rigidity to the ESR. Microfluidic measurements were used to compare the RBC rigidity between ChAc patients and healthy controls.
RESULTS
The mechano-morphological characterization of RBCs from two ChAc patients in an off-label treatment with dasatinib revealed differences in the ESR and the acanthocyte count during and after the treatment period, which could not directly be related to each other. Clinical hematology parameters were in the normal range. Mathematical modeling indicated that RBC rigidity is more important for delayed ESR than cell shape. Microfluidic experiments confirmed a higher rigidity in the normocytes of ChAc patients compared to healthy controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The results increase our understanding of the role of acanthocytes and their associated properties in the ESR, but the data are too sparse to answer the question of whether the ESR is a suitable biomarker for treatment success, whereas a correlation between hematological and neuronal phenotype is still subject to verification.
Topics: Acanthocytes; Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Sedimentation; Cell Shape; Dasatinib; Erythrocytes; Humans; Male; Neuroacanthocytosis; Off-Label Use; Protein Kinase Inhibitors
PubMed: 34066168
DOI: 10.3390/biom11050727